Senegal KOICA Project Final Report

Posted in Senegal by sanamimorrill ben on the October 26th, 2008
I am home in BC and alert after a few days. I was coming down with something- maybe malarial maybe not, so I took a curative dose of my malarials so that I wouldn t have to worry. I also had a bad chest cold and was given a course of antibiotics- for what its worth I feel fine.
Attached is the Senegal final report first draft sent out this morning. I included my daily log. This went out to KOICA, the Korea International Cooperation Agency,  with whom I was working for their reponse. The two engineers with who I worked are: Joohyun Kim, and Je-Min Lee.
Ron Rivera originally received the request on this project.  We had a number of concerns regarding this start up but we agreed to be generous in implementing the start up. -The nearest ceramic producers of any sort were also quite far away as well. Still the enthusiasm on the part of the  lead personnel convinced us to proceed.
There were a number of real challenges in getting the workshop set up. Some of them were:
  1. Although a month was scheduled  to work with the project- in actuality with time spent in Dakar before and after plus loss of time due to holidays there was less then three weeks  on site.
  2. Set up took place during  Ramadan -This  fact escaped my consciousness when we were planning- This was a serious oversight on my part- This effected more then ten days of the work.  The location in the eastern Matam region of the country is desert- the daily temperature was 33 C + so little could be asked if people who are neither eating or drinking during daylight hours. Workers struggled to maintain a schedule-  Complicating this is the fact that . KOICA, our requesting agency, although not advertized as such,  is a Christian agency. The implementation of the project during the holy holidays could have seriously backfired if the local religious authority had felt threatened.
  3. Although KOICA has made a commitment to produce 1000 filters the workshop does not yet have a plan of operation beyond this. In talks with KOICA’s coordinator I questioned the ability of the regional government to operate the new facility.
  4. Power and water was sporadic
  5. logistically I had to stay with the team 10km from the sight at Matam
In writing all the above,  somehow we were able to organize lines of supply-build a kiln and fire twice. We were not able to get satisfactory filters before I left. They are close and I hope that they will be able to in the next couple of weeks. We will have to see how well they learned from my mistakes. One good thing is that they have very stable internet allowing us to continue to communicate over the next while.
I also wanted to mention that Heidi Kilsby who accompanied me to Senegal, a recent SFU graduate was an incredible help, working without rest in the desert heat and also documenting the work progress. I am hoping that we can intice her to continue working with us.
Please read the reports and ask any questions that you have.
Burt
Download full Senegal KOICA Daily log.doc here 85MB

Marketing Safe Water Systems - By Urs Heierli

Posted in Awareness Building, Document, Water Filter Research by kai on the October 24th, 2008

Why It Is So Hard To Get Safe Water To The Poor – And So Profitable To Sell It To The Rich?

FOREWORD
Why is it that the global market for bottled water is booming, with astounding annual growth rates, sometimes as high as 50 per cent, and why is the progress in providing safe water to the poor so sluggish ? Why do more than 300 children still die of diarrhoeal diseases every hour ?
It is not for the lack of affordable solutions. Solar disinfection, chlorination, filtration by slow-sand and ceramic filters, and ultraviolet treatment are all effective methods and have been scientifically proven to reduce child mortality considerably.
For some years the right solution seemed to be to provide piped water to all households, with ‘ Point of use water treatment and storage systems ‘ ( POUs ) considered either unnecessary or merely intermediate solutions. However, of late, two factors have put POUs much higher on the
development agenda :
1. First, many poor people will have to wait for quite some time until they get access to piped water, and they need a solution now.
2. Second, even if piped water is available, it can be contaminated or re-contaminated on the way to the user, either by leaks in the piped system or by re-contamination during transport and storage.
There is thus a huge need for POUs that treat water and make it safe just before it is consumed. Several studies have shown that diarrhoeal diseases can be reduced considerably when sanitation and hygiene standards are improved.
POUs lack good dissemination and marketing strategies.
Many POU systems are poorly marketed and have considerable deficiencies in respect of the five Ps of marketing :
1. The products are not very suitable, practical or well designed. If anything, they are practical but do not look like ‘ must-have ‘ products.
2. The pricing of POUs is not attractive for either buyer or seller. While mobile phones can be paid for in instalments while being used, water filters need to be paid for upfront in cash.
3. There is no obvious point-of-sale to buy POUs because there is no money in it for retailers.
4. Promotion leaves much to be desired, even when it is present, despite the fact that safe water may require
behavioural changes.
5. People ( the 5th P ) do not automatically put safe water high on their agenda, and there is very little continual social marketing to influence them. They claim they do not have 10 dollars to buy a filter but may spend much higher amounts on beer, cosmetics and other less-essential consumer goods.
For POUs to take hold would require a marketing campaign similar to that used with insecticide-treated mosquito nets. This means a concerted and comprehensive action programme involving the public and private sectors to bring about change and to scale-up dissemination from tens of thousands of POUs per year to tens of millions. We hope that this book provides inputs and suggestions for bringing POUs to that other, higher, level of dissemination. This will only be possible if the level of funding inputs is comparable to that used for mosquito nets.

François Muenger
Senior Water Advisor
SDC Swiss Agency for Development
and Cooperation
Berne

ABOUT THIS PUBLICATION
Author : Urs Heierli is an economist ( Ph.D., University of St . Gallen ).
From 1987 to 1999 he served as country director of SDC – the Swiss
Agency for Development and Cooperation in Bangladesh and India.
During a subsequent sabbatical, he wrote the study ‘ Poverty Alleviation
as a Business ‘ and then joined the Employment and Income
Division at SDC head office in Berne. In November 2003, he launched
his own consulting company, msd consulting ( Markets, Sustainability
and Development ) in Berne, to focus further on the market creation
approach to development.

Foreword : François Muenger, Senior Water Advisor, SDC
Peer review: Armon Hartmann, former Senior Water Advisor, SDC
Editor : Paul Osborn, Médiateurs, Netherlands
Photos : Urs Heierli, Population Services International ( Waterguard ),
G . Allgood, Procter & Gamble ( PUR Photos ), Antenna Technologies
( WATA photos ), SODIS Foundation ( SODIS new designs ).
Design/layout : Claudia Derteano, Isabelle Christ
Copyright : SDC – Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation,
Employment and Income Division / Urs Heierli ( msd consulting ),
Berne

1st Edition : September 2008, printed in India

Copies : Hard copies are available from :
SDC Social Development Division ( sodev@deza.admin.ch ) and
SDC Employment and Income Division ; ( e-i@deza.admin.ch )
Electronic copies can be downloaded from :
www.deza.admin.ch/themes ; www.poverty.ch/safewater ;
www.antenna.ch

Film clips : A companion CD with many film clips is in the back
cover of this book. The clips are also available for download from
www.poverty.ch/safewater

This publication is supported by :
Employment and Income Division and
Social Development Division
SDC – Swiss Agency for
Development and Cooperation
Freiburgstrasse 130
CH-3003 Berne
Switzerland

This publication is co-published by :
Antenna Technologies
29, rue de Neuchâtel
CH-1201 Geneva
Switzerland
www.antenna.ch

Connect International :
Jan van Houtkade 50
2311 PE
Leiden
Netherlands
www.connectinternational.nl

Download complete document:  Safewater.pdf 5.32MB

Senegal KOICA Photoblog by Heidi Kilsby

Posted in Photos, Senegal, Water Filter Research by sanamimorrill ben on the October 12th, 2008

Senegal KOICA Daily log by Burt Cohen

Posted in Senegal, Water Filter Research by sanamimorrill ben on the October 12th, 2008

Wednesday September 17, 2008

Arrived in Dakar early on the morning and met with Mr. Joohyun Kim and Mr. Je-Min Lee. I rested and traveled to plastic manufacturer to examine possible receptacles for the finished filters. Heidi Kilsby accompanied me from Quesnel, BC. She has volunteered her time to assist with the project set up.

Thursday September 18th, 2008

In the morning we met with KOICA project coordinator at his office and Mr. Kim and I signed the official contract papers. Met Mr. Chou the Korean ambassador to Senegal introduced the project and share lunch together.

In the afternoon Mr. Joohyun Kim and Mr. Je- Min Lee and I traveled to a hardware store and a machine shop to search for project materials. We purchased a hydraulic jack and looked at parts for the propane burner system. We must still purchase plastic bags. Mr. Kim has arranged for steel to be purchased in Ourossogui for the steel plates, and Mr. Lee has arranged for transport of the brick from the brickyards outside of Dakar to Ourossogui.

While we are in Dakar the workers in Ourossogui are organizing the workshop, drying clay and preparing sawdust.

Still to organize-

  1. drill bit for spigots-
  2. plastic water pipe for flow testing
  3. Screens
  4. Plastic garbage bags
  5. Digital scale 0-5kg
  6. 0-20 kg balance scale
  7. Water pipe for flow tester
  8. propane tanks
  9. burners hose and regulators
  10. brushes

Friday, September 19, 2008

In the morning we Je-Min and Joohyun and I went to the Sandaga market place and purchased most of the materials in the list

Including 6 propane tanks to transport to Matam on Saturday. The truck will be pretty full because we are also taking food because some things are difficult to find in the area.

We were able to find plastic bags- although a little larger then we need. Scales- both digital and a spring were also found first thing. I am concerned about the supply of propane gas in the area- We may need to replenish gas to advance the temperature. To insure that this would not be a problem we chose to purchase 6 tanks. There still may be a problem with pressure drop if gas is withdrawn to quickly from the tanks during the firing. We may have to warm the tanks while we are firing.

Saturday- September 20th 2008

Traveled to Matam all night-

Sunday September 21st, 2008

Woke up after a couple of hours sleep and went to the new KOICA ceramic filter workshop to briefly look at the workshop to meet with the workers see what had been prepared.

There is only about 5 X 25kg of clay crushed and screened. Evidently went the workers attempted to mill the clay it was too damp. There is some sawdust but none of it has been screened.

Monday September 22, 2008

Went from Matam to Ourossogui to with Je-Min and Joohyun Lee to prepare materials for the filters. In the morning we met with the mason and scheduled his work to begin the kiln. We planned the construction on the kiln roof. We assembled the filter press and aligned it.
I looked at the clay and made a shrinkage test then examined the clay’s plasticity and found it to be very plastic.

In the afternoon we traveled with the water district truck and dug and transported clay to the filter project HQ from the village of Oggo. Joohyun contracted for more clay to be transported by donkey cart from the village. The clay that we dug was put outside to dry. Clay that was already in the sun was sacked and transported to the neighboring mechanics shop to be run through the hammer mill. Arranged to make base plates for the filters.

Tuesday, September 23, 2008

Heidi Kilsby worked with the women potters screening sawdust. (Found a hedgehog underneath the sacks)

Worked with the neighboring mechanics shop. The mechanic welded legs on the ejection rod and made some filter base plates. The hammer mill screen was too small (.9mm). We had a screen with 1.5mm holes put on the hammer mill and set some of the water district workers to mill clay. I think that the screen may still be too small but the clay that is now dry seems to go through. The hammer mill is a fixed hammer design and not quite as noisy as

Flail types.

The first clay was transported by cart and put out to dry,

We prepared a first mix to test the press and realized that the hydraulic jack that had been purchased was too tall for the press. In the afternoon we attempted to find a smaller 20-ton jack but in the end it was easier to purchase a 6-ton and then exchange it with the larger 20-ton to complete each filter. We pressed a filter successfully. Our plan is to now prepare the first batch of filters in the series- this will be the 50/50 mix.

50/50 clay-sawdust by volume equates to- 85.6% clay 14.4% sawdust by weight. This 50/50 mix was given the mark- #1 in iron oxide

Single Filter sample is:

Clay 5992 gr 85.6%

Sawdust 1008gr 14.4%

Total 7000 gr 100%

Water 2500 gr.

This mix was somewhat wet-

We evaluated the cost of the clay based on 160 sacks which will be delivered to the workshop at a cost of 70,000 cfa/$152 – Per sack= 438cfa/. 95cents

Wednesday September 24th, 2008

In the morning I conducted instruction in the mixing and pressing of filters with the team. The team included our two women potters from the village of Ogo.

I taught the two women first and with the help of Je-Min, Joohyun and Heidi we made sure that the women had the first chance to learn the process. Only then did we start the training with the men from the Department of hydrology who are in the filter team.

We formed a total of 15 Mix #1 Filters mostly from 2-6pm.

In the night a torrential thunderstorm came through the area and poured rain. This was unfortunate as most of the clay was outside drying at the time. We also lost clay that had been hammer milled and not covered.

Thursday September 25, 2008

Brought the computer into the workshop and met with the mason to begin on the kiln. I guided him through the construction process step by step until he felt confident.

Heidi Kilsby and Je-Min worked with the filter crew making the next mix- ( #2)

They were able to form the full 15 mixes over the course of the day.

Mix #2 Represents 20% more sawdust in comparison with mix #1

Mix#2-

Clay 5790 gr 82.7%

Sawdust 1210gr 17.3%

Total 7000 gr 100%

Water 2500 gr.

In the afternoon we worked to develop a system to quickly prepare mortar for building the kiln using what clay we have as we don t want to use hammer milled dry clay as it is scarce. We prepared some mortar using a drill with an agitator but the clay was difficult to blend into a mortar. We worked with the mason and lined out the base of the kiln and then set the base bricks in place.

We will need to organize a way to burn waste oil and we will need some wood.

Friday September 26, 2008

This morning I was working with the mason on the kiln fireboxes. We had hydrology workshop workers working with the Je-Min and Heidi Kilsby forming filters. I went to make a brick chisel with the neighboring welder.

In forming one of the filters the male mold caved in at the base. When I looked at the casting it appeared to be turned out too thin but the mix was also quite dry.

We spent most of the rest of the day trying to figure out how to repair the mold and in the end we were introduced to a master welder machinist who just happened to have experience with aluminum. He also had aluminum welding rod. He re welded and then resurfaced the mold. We then cast two inches of cement in the bottom of the mold. Tomorrow we will have the mechanic cut a steel disc to insert in the base weld a 5 cm diameter pipe up right on top and them another larger plate at the top of the mold. This will be a kind of interior support for the mold, which we hope will prevent it from collapsing again.

Saturday September 27th 2008

We spent much of the day repairing the mold. We were able to cast cement in the male mold base and then Joohyun worked with the neighboring mechanic and welded up a brace and installed it inside the mold and we then bolted in to the press. We then cast 6 filters and compared them to the filters before the mold broke and found that they were the same. I bought a radio for the workers at the site.

At the same time I worked with the mason and he completed the base of the kiln. We received all the remaining brick from Dakar, so we are ready to work on the kiln and the press on Monday.